A decade before Wilde wrote about children in prison, this case of a little boy in Reading attracted attention.

In May 1884, seven year-old Frank set fire to a hayrick "to see how it would burn". It burned very well. Frank was sent to the assizes, found guilty of arson and sentenced to one month's detention, without hard labour, but with two birchings of six strokes each.

The case reached the Home Secretary, Sir William Harcourt, who asked the gaol to report. That task was given to the chaplain, Martin Friend. He was critical of the boy's detention and asked that he might be discharged immediately, albeit after the receipt of his second caning.

In late May 1897, days after regaining his freedom, Wilde wrote a letter to the Daily Chronicle. He deplored the treatment of the warder in Reading, who had been dismissed for giving biscuits to some children who had been imprisoned for stealing rabbits. Wilde also wrote of the harm inflicted on children by the "silent system" which confined prisoners to their cells.

The letter was published in pamphlet form as Children in Prison and Other Cruelties of Prison Life in February 1898. On display is a first edition in its original printed wrappers, bearing the price of "One Penny."